The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management
(SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly …

Tree hollows support a specialised species‐rich fauna. We review the habitat requirements
of saproxylic (= deadwood dependent) invertebrates which occupy tree hollows. We focus …

Deadwood is a key old-growth element in European forests and a cornerstone of
biodiversity conservation practices in the region, recognized as an important indicator of …

In forests, the amount and diversity of structural features with high value for biodiversity, such
as large trees and dead wood, are affected by productivity, stand age, and forest …

The history of forestry in Fennoscandia spans five centuries, with clear-cutting being the
dominant practice since the mid-20th century. This has led to a significant transformation of …

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity, sustainable
production, and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area …

Tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) have been promoted as indicators of forest biodiversity
and to guide conservation practices. Ensuring the provision of diverse TreMs in the long …

Canopy accession strategies reveal much about tree life histories and forest stand
dynamics. However, the protracted nature of ascending to the canopy makes direct …

Venerable trees are precious natural-cum-cultural heritage and an important component of
regional biodiversity, with significant social, cultural and ecological values. A thorough …

Retention of structural elements such as deadwood and habitat trees at the level of forest
stands has been promoted to integrate biodiversity conservation into multiple‐use forest …