Kratom—pharmacology, clinical implications, and outlook: a comprehensive review

SC Eastlack, EM Cornett, AD Kaye - Pain and therapy, 2020 - Springer
Kratom, or Mitragyna, is a tropical plant indigenous to Southeast Asia, with unique
pharmacological properties. It is commonly consumed by preparing the leaves into …

From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction

Z Hassan, M Muzaimi, V Navaratnam… - Neuroscience & …, 2013 - Elsevier
Kratom (or Ketum) is a psychoactive plant preparation used in Southeast Asia. It is derived
from the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Kratom as well as its main alkaloid, mitragynine …

Here Today, Gone Tomorrow…and Back Again? A Review of Herbal Marijuana Alternatives (K2, Spice), Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts), Kratom, Salvia divinorum …

CD Rosenbaum, SP Carreiro, KM Babu - Journal of medical toxicology, 2012 - Springer
Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse
remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): user demographics, use patterns, and implications for the opioid epidemic

A Garcia-Romeu, DJ Cox, KE Smith, KE Dunn… - Drug and alcohol …, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Background Kratom, a Southeast Asian plant with opioid-receptor mediated effects,
has emerged as a potential substance of abuse, with limited data on its use and effects. This …

Molecular basis of opioid receptor signaling

T Che, BL Roth - Cell, 2023 - cell.com
Opioids are used for pain management despite the side effects that contribute to the opioid
crisis. The pursuit of non-addictive opioid analgesics remains unattained due to the …

Pharmacology of kratom: an emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic and opioid-like effects

WC Prozialeck, JK Jivan, SV Andurkar - Journal of Osteopathic …, 2012 - degruyter.com
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant indigenous to Thailand and Southeast Asia. Kratom
leaves produce complex stimulant and opioid-like analgesic effects. In Asia, kratom has …

The pharmacology and toxicology of kratom: from traditional herb to drug of abuse

ML Warner, NC Kaufman, O Grundmann - International journal of legal …, 2016 - Springer
Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae), commonly known as kratom, is a tropical tree with a long
history of traditional use in parts of Africa and Southeast Asia. In recent years, kratom has …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users

D Singh, CP Müller, BK Vicknasingam - Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014 - Elsevier
Abstract Background Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) preparations have been traditionally
used in Southeast Asia for its medicinal properties. Lately, Kratom use has spread to Europe …

Traditional and non-traditional uses of Mitragynine (Kratom): A survey of the literature

D Singh, S Narayanan, B Vicknasingam - Brain Research Bulletin, 2016 - Elsevier
Introduction The objective of the paper was to highlight the differences in the traditional and
non-traditional users of kratom in the South East Asian and Western contexts. Method A …

[BOOK][B] Karch's pathology of drug abuse

SB Karch, O Drummer - 2008 - taylorfrancis.com
Written for practitioners in the field, this critically acclaimed bestseller provides authoritative
information focused on the investigation of drug-related deaths and practical approaches to …