Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that, by definition, are
not translated into proteins. Since their discovery, ncRNAs have emerged as important …

Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

The growing interest in nanomedicine over the last 20 years has carved out a research field
called “nanocatalytic therapy,” where catalytic reactions mediated by nanomaterials are …

The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing
cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, and numerous other mediators). Usually, a …

Pyroptosis is a programmed necrotic cell death executed by gasdermins, a family of pore-
forming proteins. The cleavage of gasdermins by specific proteases enables their pore …

Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional
antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a …

In the review we analyzed short history of the establishment of a novel hematological
parameter for systemic inflammation and stress coined as a neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio …

The elevated circulating levels of cytokines associated with a variety of infectious and
immune-mediated conditions are frequently termed a cytokine storm. Here, we explain the …

Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis is defined by the development of ascites, hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) and/or variceal bleeding. Ascites is traditionally attributed to …

As of 2017, the World Health Organization has made the recognition, prevention, and
management of sepsis a global health priority. 1 Hippocrates considered the term a …