Experiences, whether they be learning in a classroom, a stressful event, or ingestion of a
psychoactive substance, impact the brain by modifying the activity and organization of …

Neurons are often considered to be the computational engines of the brain, with synapses
acting solely as conveyers of information. But the diverse types of synaptic plasticity and the …

Two general forms of synaptic plasticity that operate on different timescales are thought to
contribute to the activity-dependent refinement of neural circuitry during development:(1) …

Abstract “Neural plasticity” refers to the capacity of the nervous system to modify itself,
functionally and structurally, in response to experience and injury. As the various chapters in …

In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near the start of the axon
that is the site of action potential initiation,,,,,. The precise location of the AIS varies across …

Aiming at a formulation of a cytokine model of cognitive function under immunologically
unchallenged physiological conditions, this article reviews the cytokine biology in the central …

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a negative feedback mechanism that neurons use to offset
excessive excitation or inhibition by adjusting their synaptic strengths. Recent findings …

The purpose of the current review is to propose a model highlighting the putative
connections between hearing loss and the phantom perception of tinnitus (tinnitus being …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of pathological
conditions, mainly of genetic origin, characterized by stereotyped behavior, marked …

Homeostasis is a specialized form of regulation that precisely maintains the function of a
system at a set point level of activity. Recently, homeostatic signaling has been suggested to …