A wealth of neuromodulatory transmitters regulate synaptic circuits in the brain. Their mode
of signaling, often called volume transmission, differs from classical synaptic transmission in …

In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of
its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various …

Since the discovery of SNARE proteins in the late 1980s, SNAREs have been recognized as
key components of protein complexes that drive membrane fusion. Despite considerable …

▪ Abstract Neurotransmitter release is mediated by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the
presynaptic active zone of nerve terminals. To support rapid and repeated rounds of release …

Membrane fusion, one of the most fundamental processes in life, occurs when two separate
lipid membranes merge into a single continuous bilayer. Fusion reactions share common …

Neurotransmitter release is governed by proteins that have homo-logs in most types of
intracellular membrane fusion, including the Sec1/Munc18 protein Munc18-1 and the …

Regulated exocytosis of secretory granules or dense-core granules has been examined in
many well-characterized cell types including neurons, neuroendocrine, endocrine, exocrine …

Stimulus-secretion coupling is an essential process in secretory cells in which regulated
exocytosis occurs, including neuronal, neuroendocrine, endocrine, and exocrine cells. While …

Neurotransmitter release at synapses involves a highly specialized form of membrane fusion
that is triggered by Ca2+ ions and is optimized for speed. These observations were …

The core of the neurotransmitter release machinery is formed by SNARE complexes, which
bring the vesicle and plasma membranes together and are key for fusion, and by Munc18-1 …