Abstract In the Baltic Sea, salinity and its large variability, both horizontal and vertical, are
key physical factors in determining the overall stratification conditions. In addition to that …

Stratification of the water column, consisting of the three layers (upper, intermediate, and
deep layer) separated by the seasonal thermocline and the permanent halocline …

Coastal eutrophication is a major environmental issue worldwide. In the Baltic Sea,
eutrophication affects both the coastal waters and the open sea. Various policy frameworks …

The relative dominance of controlling factors in saltwater intrusion depends on the time
scale in which the variability in characterized. Long-term time series data of salinity and …

Major Baltic Inflows (MBI) have a significant impact on physics, biogeochemistry, and marine
life in the Baltic Sea. Spreading of the North Sea water from the Danish Straits to the Eastern …

Numerous hydro-acoustic studies of the seabed of the Baltic Sea have revealed the unusual
occurrence of sediment contourite drifts and re-suspension at greater water depths. In …

İzmit Bay, a 50 km long inlet at the eastern end of the Marmara Sea, is crucial for the region's
economy, culture, and marine ecosystem. The bay's water circulation regulates nutrient …

Stratification plays an essential role in the marine ecosystem, with a shallow mixed layer
being one of the preconditions for enhanced primary production in the ocean. In the Baltic …

Climate change in recent decades has been identified as a significant threat to natural
environments and human wellbeing. This is because some of the contemporary changes to …

Metabarcoding in combination with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows simultaneous
detection of multiple taxa by targeting single or several taxonomically informative gene …