Salivary cortisol is widely used as an indicator of stress and welfare in canine research.
However, much remains unclear about the basic features of this hormone marker in …

Animal welfare is of growing importance to industries reliant upon animals, such as the
diverse working dog industry. Working dogs play many important roles in contemporary …

Animal shelters are often associated with high levels of stressors that can compromise
welfare. Mitigating stressors or the associated distress is a priority for shelters. Given …