In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth.
Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how …

Kelp forest ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services are declining around the
world. In response, marine managers are working to restore and counteract these declines …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Human activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global
scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity …

Kelp forests represent some of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth, and
provide a range of ecosystem goods and services on which human populations depend. As …

Kelp forests (Order Laminariales) form key biogenic habitats in coastal regions of temperate
and Arctic seas worldwide, providing ecosystem services valued in the range of billions of …

Sandy beaches are iconic interfaces that functionally link the ocean with the land via the flow
of organic matter from the sea. These cross‐ecosystem fluxes often comprise uprooted …

Kelps are ecologically important primary producers and ecosystem engineers, and play a
central role in structuring nearshore temperate habitats. They play an important role in …

As Earth's climate rapidly changes, species range shifts are considered key to species
persistence. However, some range-shifting species will alter community structure and …

Climate change is asymmetrically altering environmental conditions in space, from local to
global scales, creating novel heterogeneity. Here, we argue that this novel heterogeneity will …