Blood and lymphatic vessels pervade almost all body tissues and have numerous essential
roles in physiology and disease. The inner lining of these networks is formed by a single …

Vascular and lymphatic malformations represent a challenge for clinicians. The identification
of inherited and somatic mutations in important signaling pathways, including the PI3K …

Rationale: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex phenotype driven by genetic and
environmental factors. Ninety-seven genetic risk loci have been identified to date, but the …

Cerebral cavernous malformations are acquired vascular anomalies that constitute a
common cause of central nervous system hemorrhage and stroke. The past 2 decades have …

Purpose—The purpose of this statement is to review the literature on childhood stroke and to
provide recommendations for optimal diagnosis and treatment. This statement is intended …

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are hamartomatous vascular malformations
characterized by abnormally enlarged capillary cavities without intervening brain …

The innate immune system provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens by
releasing multiple inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor …

Cavernous malformations (CMs) consist of dilated vascular channels that have a
characteristic appearance on MRI. CMs are usually found intracranially, although such …

Cavernous malformations affecting the CNS occur in∼ 0.16–0.4% of the general population.
The majority (85%) of cavernous malformations are in a sporadic form, but the genetic …

Endothelial cell–cell junctions regulate vascular permeability, vasculogenesis, and
angiogenesis. Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in humans result from …