The demand for raw materials, in particular, for those classified as critical materials, has
increased considerably due to the ongoing energy transition and the corresponding surge in …

Companies, economies and technologies are vulnerable to supply disruptions or price
peaks of specific raw materials. Multiple research groups worldwide have proposed …

Imbalances between metal supply and demand, real or anticipated, have inspired the
concept of metal criticality. We here characterize the criticality of 62 metals and metalloids in …

To a set of well-regarded international scenarios (UNEP's GEO-4), we have added
consideration of the demand, supply, and energy implications related to copper production …

Traction batteries are a key factor in the environmental sustainability of electric mobility and,
therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their environmental performance to allow a …

We have assembled extensive information on the cradle-to-gate environmental burdens of
63 metals in their major use forms, and illustrated the interconnectedness of metal …

Electronic products are an essential part of modern society, but their importance has
perhaps never been as palpable as when the COVID-19 pandemic forced almost every …

It is indisputable that modern life is enabled by the use of materials in its technologies.
Those technologies do many things very well, largely because each material is used for …

The growth in technological innovation that has occurred over the past decades has, in part,
been possible because an increasing number of metals of the periodic table are used to …

A comprehensive methodology has been created to quantify the degree of criticality of the
metals of the periodic table. In this paper, we present and discuss the methodology, which is …