Accumulating research shows that prenatal exposure to maternal stress increases the risk
for behavioral and mental health problems later in life. This review systematically analyzes …

Neuropsychiatric disorders (ie, mood disorders and schizophrenia) and inflammation are
closely intertwined, and possibly powering each other in a bidirectional loop. Depression …

The gut microbiota interacts with the host via neuroimmune, neuroendocrine and neural
pathways. These pathways are components of the brain-gut-microbiota axis and preclinical …

Ageing of the global population has become a public health concern with an important socio-
economic dimension. Ageing is characterized by an increase in the concentration of …

Inflammatory cytokines are commonly elevated in acute depression and are associated with
resistance to monoaminergic treatment. To examine the potential role of cytokines in the …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global problem for which current pharmacotherapies
are not completely effective. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has …

Immune dysregulated cytokine production is involved in mental diseases. However, the
results are inconsistent and the pattern of cytokine alterations has not been compared …

Approximately half of people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also suffer from
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current paper examines evidence for two …

Studies over the last 20 years have demonstrated that increased inflammation and
hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis are two of the most consistent …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a very common stress-related mental disorder that
carries a huge burden for affected patients and the society. It is associated with a high …