Modulating the neuromodulators: dopamine, serotonin, and the endocannabinoid system
Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and endocannabinoids (ECs) are
key neuromodulators involved in many aspects of motivated behavior, including reward …
key neuromodulators involved in many aspects of motivated behavior, including reward …
Cell type-specific dissection of sensory pathways involved in descending modulation
Decades of research have suggested that stimulation of supraspinal structures, such as the
periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), inhibits nocifensive …
periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), inhibits nocifensive …
[HTML][HTML] Periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe dopamine neurons contribute to sex differences in pain-related behaviors
Sex differences in pain severity, response, and pathological susceptibility are widely
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …
dmPFC-vlPAG projection neurons contribute to pain threshold maintenance and antianxiety behaviors
JB Yin, SH Liang, F Li, WJ Zhao, Y Bai, Y Sun… - The Journal of clinical …, 2020 - jci.org
The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been recognized as a key cortical area for
nociceptive modulation. However, the underlying neural pathway and the function of specific …
nociceptive modulation. However, the underlying neural pathway and the function of specific …
Divergent modulation of pain and anxiety by GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe
L **e, H Wu, Q Chen, F Xu, H Li, Q Xu, C Jiao… - …, 2023 - nature.com
The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) collaborates with the dorsal raphe (DR) in
pain regulation and emotional response. However, the roles of vlPAG and DR γ …
pain regulation and emotional response. However, the roles of vlPAG and DR γ …
Cerebellar modulation of synaptic input to freezing-related neurons in the periaqueductal gray
Innate defensive behaviors, such as freezing, are adaptive for avoiding predation. Freezing-
related midbrain regions project to the cerebellum, which is known to regulate rapid …
related midbrain regions project to the cerebellum, which is known to regulate rapid …
A cholinergic circuit that relieves pain despite opioid tolerance
Chronic pain is a tremendous burden for afflicted individuals and society. Although opioids
effectively relieve pain, significant adverse outcomes limit their utility and efficacy. To …
effectively relieve pain, significant adverse outcomes limit their utility and efficacy. To …
Dopamine pharmacodynamics: New insights
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in physiological processes such as motor
control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, and maternal and reproductive behaviors …
control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, and maternal and reproductive behaviors …
The contribution of periaqueductal gray in the regulation of physiological and pathological behaviors
H Zhang, Z Zhu, WX Ma, LX Kong, PC Yuan… - Frontiers in …, 2024 - frontiersin.org
Periaqueductal gray (PAG), an integration center for neuronal signals, is located in the
midbrain and regulates multiple physiological and pathological behaviors, including pain …
midbrain and regulates multiple physiological and pathological behaviors, including pain …
Characterization of transgenic mouse models targeting neuromodulatory systems reveals organizational principles of the dorsal raphe
The dorsal raphe (DR) is a heterogeneous nucleus containing dopamine (DA), serotonin
(5HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons. Consequently, investigations of …
(5HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons. Consequently, investigations of …