Sex differences in immunity are well described in the literature and thought to be mainly
driven by sex hormones and sex-linked immune response genes. The gastrointestinal tract …

The early‐life microbiome is gaining appreciation as a major influencer in human
development and long‐term health. Multiple factors are known to influence the initial …

The influence of antibiotic exposure in the early postnatal period on the development of
intestinal microbiota was monitored in 26 infants including five antibiotic-treated (AT) …

In previous years, it has been shown that human milk is a potential source of bacteria for the
infant gut. The results of this work confirm the presence of the same specific bacterial strains …

Introduction Among sensitized infants, those with high, as compared with low levels, of
salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) are less likely to develop allergic symptoms. Also, early …

Human milk oligosaccharides are complex sugars that function as selective growth
substrates for specific beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal system. Bovine milk is a …

Background Microbial deprivation early in life can potentially influence immune mediated
disease development such as allergy. The aims of this study were to investigate the …

Background Deviations in composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in infancy have
been associated with both the development and recurrence of atopic eczema. Thus, we …

During human evolution, the mucosal immune system developed two anti-inflammatory
mechanisms: immune exclusion by secretory antibodies (SIgA and SIgM) to control …

Kukkonen K, Kuitunen M, Haahtela T, Korpela R, Poussa T, Savilahti E. High intestinal IgA
associates with reduced risk of IgE‐associated allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Immunol …