Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to reduce the workload for the
second language (L2) teachers and test developers. We propose two AI distractor …

English language students are not always productively engaged in class, though recent
studies suggest an effective way to engage them more during class activities may be to …

There are various arguments surrounding critical thinking, from it being an innate ability to its
perceived absence due to cultural backgrounds, to diversities in the presentation of critical …

As more and more students begin to learn English, the need to provide effective teaching
methodologies to meet the growing needs of students increases. This is especially relevant …

In communicative language teaching classrooms, one of the main emphases is on students'
ability to use the target language for real life purposes. To achieve this goal, teachers may …

Complex noun phrases (CNPs) are a major vehicle of academic written discourse. However,
despite posing significant challenges to English language learners (ELLs), they are rarely …

Complex noun phrases (CNP) are a major vehicle of academic written discourse (Halliday,
1988; 2004). However, in spite of the view that they pose significant challenges to English …

The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of bottom-up (BU) and top-down
(TD) approaches on EFL learners' vocabulary learning, the difference in the effects of the …

This interpretive case study explored the effectiveness of listening strategy instruction that
promoted self-regulated learning and gained insights into students' and instructors' …

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the debate between traditional and modern
instructional methods remains a focal point of discussion. The more technology is integrated …