Highlights•Modulation of synaptic strength can occur through changes in short-term
plasticity.•Modulators can shape or induce long-term synaptic plasticity.•Modulators can …

An explosion of work over the last decade has produced insight into the multiple hereditary
causes of a nonimmunological form of diabetes diagnosed most frequently within the first 6 …

Most spiking neurons are divided into functional compartments: a dendritic input region, a
soma, a site of action potential initiation, an axon trunk and its collaterals for propagation of …

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are widely expressed in the central and peripheral
nervous system and are crucial mediators of neuronal excitability. Importantly, these …

The spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the afferent neurons of the cochlea, connecting the
auditory sensory cells—hair cells—to the brainstem cochlear nuclei. The neurotrophins …

Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, is
recognized to facilitate analgesia and anaesthesia in humans. Despite the potential for wide …

Tinnitus is a widespread public health issue that imposes a significant social burden. The
occurrence and maintenance of tinnitus have been shown to be associated with abnormal …

Circadian rhythms in mammals are orchestrated by a central clock within the
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Our understanding of the electrophysiological basis of SCN …

In mammals, the precise circadian timing of many biological processes depends on the
generation of oscillations in neural activity of pacemaker cells in the suprachiasmatic …

The central dogma of molecular biology defines the major route for the transfer of genetic
information from genomic DNA to messenger RNA to three-dimensional proteins that affect …