As a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts
(CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling …

Macro‐autophagy is an ancient and highly conserved self‐degradative process that plays a
homeostatic role in normal cells by eliminating organelles, pathogens, and protein …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically exemplified by a desynchronized cytokine system with
increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We focused on the contrast between …

Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) promote tumor growth and
immunosuppression in multiple myeloma (MM). However, their phenotype is not well …

Autophagy and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are major biological processes in
cancer. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that aids cancer cells to overcome intracellular or …

Daratumumab (Dara) is the first-in-class human-specific anti-CD38 mAb approved for the
treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Although recent data have demonstrated very …

Multiple myeloma (MM) drug resistance (DR) is a multistep transformation process based on
a powerful interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells that allows the latter …

Background Aging is an important risk factor for most chronic diseases. Patients with COPD
develop more comorbidities than non-COPD subjects. We hypothesized that the …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays an essential role in cancer cell growth,
metabolism and immunoreaction. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process that …

Experimental evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may regulate
tumor microenvironment (TME). It is conceivable that the interaction with MSC can influence …