COVID-19 has different clinical stages, and effective therapy depends on the location and
extent of the infection. The purpose of this review is to provide a background for …

Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which
maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and …

In this review, we discuss the role of pulmonary surfactant in the host defense against
respiratory pathogens, including novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the lower respiratory …

Lung alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), consisting of proteins
and lipids. The lipids in PS are primarily responsible for reducing the air-fluid surface tension …

The airway epithelium provides the first line of defense to the surrounding environment.
However, dysfunctions of this physical barrier are frequently observed in allergic diseases …

Protein surfactant (Psingle bond S) interactions is an essential topic for many fundamental
and technological applications such as life science, nanobiotechnology processes, food …

The pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly dependent on the
underlying mechanisms that mediate the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Introduction SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing lung epithelial cells through its spike (S) protein. The S …

The COVID-19 pandemic has wielded an enormous pressure on global health care systems,
economics and politics. Ongoing vaccination campaigns effectively attenuate viral …

Object Prallethrin is a pyrethroid-based insecticide, commonly used as a liquid vaporizer in
household, schools, and offices to repel mosquitoes. Due to worldwide application, human …