Drug development is a lengthy and costly process that proceeds through several stages
from target identification to lead discovery and optimization, preclinical validation and …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment
(TME) with diverse functions such as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, modulation of …

Fibroblasts are the most abundant “non-cancerous” cells in tumors. However, it remains
largely unknown how these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth and …

Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical
trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical …

Since the discovery of the “nude” mouse more than 40 years ago, investigators have
attempted to model human tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Here, we summarize how …

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through
emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation …

Drug resistance is a primary hindrance towards curative cancer chemotherapy.
Nanotechnology holds great promise in establishing efficacious and innovative strategies to …

One of the undeniable issues with cancer eradication is the evolution of chemoresistance in
due course of treatment, and the mechanisms of chemoresistance have been the subject of …

CD44 is an adhesion molecule that varies in size due to glycosylation and insertion of so-
called variant exon products. The CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) is highly expressed in …

Aberrant Shh signaling promotes tumor growth in diverse cancers. The importance of Shh
signaling is particularly evident in medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), where …