Co-evolution is a fundamental component of the theory of evolution and is essential for
understanding the relationships between species in complex ecological networks. A wide …

Complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest multimeric enzyme complex of
the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is responsible for electron transport and the …

Aims: The mitochondrial respiratory chain is recognized today to be arranged in
supramolecular assemblies (supercomplexes). Besides conferring a kinetic advantage …

Environmental adaptation, predisposition to common diseases, and, potentially, speciation
may all be linked through the adaptive potential of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations of …

Many conserved eukaryotic traits, including apoptosis, two sexes, speciation and ageing,
can be causally linked to a bioenergetic requirement for mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial …

Mammalian complex I is composed of 44 different subunits and its assembly requires at
least 13 specific assembly factors. Proper function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain …

In bilaterian animals, the mitochondrial genome is small, haploid, does not typically
recombine, and is subject to accumulation of deleterious alleles via Muller's ratchet. These …

Abstract Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is frequently used in population genetic
studies and is usually considered as a neutral marker. However, given the functional …

The avian world is packaged into genetic assemblages that we call species. Although
ornithologists can, with a few important exceptions, agree on the boundaries among avian …

All morphologically complex life on Earth, beyond the level of cyanobacteria, is eukaryotic.
All eukaryotes share a common ancestor that was already a complex cell. Despite their …