Tissue engineering is a promising and revolutionary strategy to treat patients who suffer the
loss or failure of an organ or tissue, with the aim to restore the dysfunctional tissues and …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate.
The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the …

One hundred years ago, Ramón y Cajal, considered by many as the founder of modern
neuroscience, stated that neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are incapable …

Electroconductive hydrogels are very attractive candidates for accelerated spinal cord injury
(SCI) repair because they match the electrical and mechanical properties of neural tissue …

Spinal cord injury is a severely disabling neurological condition leading to impaired mobility,
pain, and autonomic dysfunction. Most often, a single traumatic event, such as a traffic or …

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing
technologies. It has gained significant attention among academia as well as industry due to …

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to exhibit great
potentials in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) …

Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Since the first report of 3D printed biodegradable structures by stereolithography, vat
photopolymerization has shown great potential in the fabrication of medical implants and …