Growing evidence suggests that T cells may play a critical role in combating severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, COVID-19 vaccines that can …

The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel
coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an …

Antibody immunodominance refers to the preferential and asymmetric elicitation of
antibodies against specific epitopes on a complex protein antigen. Traditional vaccination …

The ability for viruses to mutate and evade the human immune system and cause infection,
called viral escape, remains an obstacle to antiviral and vaccine development …

The emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) is a major concern given their potential impact on the transmissibility and …

The systematic and accurate description of protein mutational landscapes is a question of
utmost importance in biology, bioengineering, and medicine. Recent progress has been …

The immediate evolutionary space accessible to HIV is largely determined by how single
amino acid mutations affect fitness. These mutational effects can shift as the virus evolves …

A clinical trial was performed to evaluate 3BNC117, a potent anti–HIV-1 antibody, in infected
individuals during suppressive antiretroviral therapy and subsequent analytical treatment …

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) provide efficacious therapeutic treatments for chronic
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) …

HIV-1 infection depends on the integration of viral DNA into host chromatin. Integration is
mediated by the viral enzyme integrase and is blocked by integrase strand transfer inhibitors …