Optical microcombs represent a new paradigm for generating laser frequency combs based
on compact chip-scale devices, which have underpinned many modern technological …

Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well
known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including …

Large pretrained (eg," foundation") models exhibit distinct capabilities depending on the
domain of data they are trained on. While these domains are generic, they may only barely …

The development of artificial intelligence is typically focused on computer algorithms and
integrated circuits. Recently, all-optical diffractive deep neural networks have been created …

Matrix computation, as a fundamental building block of information processing in science
and technology, contributes most of the computational overheads in modern signal …

Controlling electromagnetic waves and information simultaneously by information
metasurfaces is of central importance in modern society. Intelligent metasurfaces are smart …

Optical metalenses—two-dimensional arrays of submicrometre scatterers that collectively
focus light—have experienced growing research interest in recent years as they can realize …

Rationally designed architected materials have attained previously untapped territories in
materials property space. The properties and behaviours of architected materials need not …

Integrated silicon photonics has sparked a significant ramp-up of investment in both
academia and industry as a scalable, power-efficient, and eco-friendly solution. At the heart …

Large-scale, highly integrated and low-power-consuming hardware is becoming
progressively more important for realizing optical neural networks (ONNs) capable of …