Levulinic acid is a sustainable platform molecule that can be upgraded to valuable
chemicals and fuel additives. This article focuses on the catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid …

The “sulfonated carbons” are a new class of metal-free solid protonic acids characterized by
their unique carbon structure and Brønsted acidity (− H 0= 8–11) on par to concentrated …

Acid–base catalytic reaction, either in heterogeneous or homogeneous systems, is one of
the most important chemical reactions that has provoked a wide variety of industrial catalytic …

Biomass has been long exploited as an anthropogenic energy source; however, the 21st
century challenges of energy security and climate change are driving resurgence in its …

The importance of ethyl levulinate (EL) as a fuel additive and a potential biomass-derived
platform molecule is noteworthy. EL is obtained from the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) …

In this study, an inexpensive, environmental benign acid catalyst is prepared using coconut
meal residue (CMR) and employed for biodiesel production from waste palm oil (WPO). The …

The present study investigates biodiesel production from waste palm oil (WPO) using
coconut coir husk (CCH) derived solid acid catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by the direct …

Sulfonated mesoporous carbon or silica-carbon nanocomposite materials possess a large
amount of accessible SO 3 H acid groups, which may have versatile applications as solid …

Inedible, lignocellulosic biomass has been recognized as most promising renewable
resource for the production of high value bio-chemicals. The pretreated biomass or isolated …

The application of an environmentally benign sulfonated carbon microsphere catalyst for
biodiesel production from waste cooking oil was investigated. This catalyst was prepared by …