Different HVDC grid types and the respective protection options are discussed. An earthed
bipole HVDC grid was modeled in PSCAD, and using simulation results, the necessity of …

The limitation of existing point to point high-voltage DC connections for offshore wind farm
transmission is that it does not support power exchange or trading between two or multiple …

This paper addresses the problem of providing frequency control services, including inertia
emulation and primary frequency control, from offshore wind farms connected through a …

A fully operational multiterminal dc (MTDC) grid will play a strategic role for mainland ac
systems interconnection and to integrate offshore wind farms. The importance of such …

When a transmission line close to points of common coupling (PCCs) experiences a short-
circuit (SC) fault, the fast reactive power control of voltage-source converter-HVDC (VSC …

In this paper, an optimal power flow for combined AC and DC grids is proposed. Several
suggested projects to increase the transmission capacity are based on multi-terminal HVDC …

A DC grid benchmark model can provide a common reference and study platform for
researchers to compare the performance and characteristics of different DC control functions …

This article proposes a probabilistic optimal reactive power planning kee** in view the
uncertainties in renewable generations (wind and photovoltaic systems), loads, and electric …

This paper proposes a new strategy for optimal grid frequency regulation (FR) in an
interconnected power system where regional ac grids and an offshore wind farm are linked …

The expected increase of wind power production in the North and Baltic Seas will
substantially increase the variability of the generation portfolio in Northern Europe. Access to …