Women are at twice the risk for anxiety and depression disorders as men are, although the
underlying biological factors and mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we …

Context Menopause, the permanent cessation of menses, reflects oocyte depletion and loss
of gonadal steroids. It is preceded by a transition state, the perimenopause, which is …

Despite the strong evidence linking psychological stress to disease risk, health researchers
often fail to include psychological stress in models of health. One reason for this is the …

The symptoms of menopause can be distressing, particularly as they occur at a time when
women have important roles in society, within the family and at the workplace. Hormonal …

Women are about twice as likely as are men to develop depression during their lifetime. This
Series paper summarises evidence regarding the epidemiology on gender differences in …

Abstract Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression is a biologically plausible, multi-
level theory that describes neural, physiologic, molecular, and genomic mechanisms that …

The aim of this narrative review is to consolidate knowledge on the role of the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depression pathophysiology at different reproductive stages …

Research indicates that after advanced age, the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's
disease (AD) is female sex. Out of every three AD patients, two are females with …

Importance The menopause transition and early postmenopausal period are associated with
a 2-to 4-fold increased risk for clinically significant depressive symptoms. Although a few …

AimResearch on the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on the risk of depression shows
inconsistent findings, especially in adult OC users. One possible reason for this …