Coevolutionary interactions, from the delicate co-dependency in mutualistic interactions to
the antagonistic relationship of hosts and parasites, are a ubiquitous driver of adaptation …

Toads of the genus Atelopus are chemically defended by a unique combination of
endogenously synthesized cardiotoxins (bufadienolides) and neurotoxins which may be …

The study of reciprocal adaptation in interacting species has been an active and inspiring
area of evolutionary research for nearly 60 years. Perhaps owing to its great natural history …

Garter snakes (Thamnophis) are a successful group of natricines endemic to North America.
They have become important natural models for ecological and evolutionary research, yet …

Predation has the potential to impart strong selective pressures on organisms within their
environments, resulting in adaptive changes in prey that minimize risk of predation …

Landscape patterns of phenotypic coevolution are determined by variation in the outcome of
predator–prey interactions. These outcomes may depend not only on the functional …

When species are continuously distributed across environmental gradients, the relative
strength of selection and gene flow shape spatial patterns of genetic variation, potentially …

Reconstructing the histories of complex adaptations and identifying the evolutionary
mechanisms underlying their origins are two of the primary goals of evolutionary biology …

Coevolution occurs when species interact to influence one another's fitness, resulting in
reciprocal evolutionary change. In many coevolving lineages, trait expression in one species …

Aim Current distributions of widespread North American (NA) species have been shaped by
Pleistocene glacial cycles, latitudinal temperature gradients, sharp longitudinal habitat …