Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

The impact of respiratory virus infections on the health of children and adults can be very
significant. Yet, in contrast to most other childhood infections as well as other viral and …

RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated
protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of …

Interferons are a group of immunomodulatory substances produced by the human immune
system in response to the presence of pathogens, especially during viral and bacterial …

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens responsible for severe respiratory
infection in humans and animals worldwide. Upon detection of IAV infection, host immune …

Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins, most of which have E3 ubiquitin ligase activities, have
various functions in cellular processes including intracellular signaling, development …

Viruses infecting vertebrate hosts must overcome the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral
response to replicate and propagate to new hosts. The complex regulation of the IFN …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …