Apoptosis—the regulated destruction of a cell—is a complicated process. The decision to
die cannot be taken lightly, and the activity of many genes influence a cell's likelihood of …

Hsp70 proteins are central components of the cellular network of molecular chaperones and
folding catalysts. They assist a large variety of protein folding processes in the cell by …

Standing watch over the proteome, molecular chaperones are an ancient and evolutionarily
conserved class of proteins that guide the normal folding, intracellular disposition and …

In human breast carcinomas, overexpression of the macrophage colony–stimulating factor
(CSF-1) and its receptor (CSF-1R) correlates with poor prognosis. To establish if there is a …

IL-8, a member of the chemokine family, has been shown to play an important role in tumor
growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to determine the …

A single family of proteases, the caspases, has long been considered the pivotal
executioner of all programmed cell death. However, recent findings of evolutionarily …

The cellular-stress response can mediate cellular protection through expression of heat-
shock protein (Hsp) 70, which can interfere with the process of apoptotic cell death. Stress …

Exposure of cells to conditions of environmental stress—including heat shock, oxidative
stress, heavy metals, or pathologic conditions, such as ischemia and reperfusion …

The heat shock response, characterized by increased expression of heat shock proteins
(Hsps) is induced by exposure of cells and tissues to extreme conditions that cause acute or …

For a long time necrosis was considered as an alternative to programmed cell death,
apoptosis. Indeed, necrosis has distinct morphological features and it is accompanied by …