Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with
diabetic retinopathy with an increasing prevalence tied to the global epidemic in type 2 …

Hypoxia can be defined as a relative deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the
tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of the mammalian response …

OBJECTIVE The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in
diabetic macular edema (DME). Ranibizumab binds to and inhibits multiple VEGF variants …

Background Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication of diabetic
retinopathy. Although grid or focal laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce the risk …

Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of
macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care …

Diabetes causes metabolic and physiologic abnormalities in the retina, and these changes
suggest a role for inflammation in the development of diabetic retinopathy. These changes …

OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the short-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic
macular edema (DME). DESIGN: Randomized phase II clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: One …

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in aqueous inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine
levels after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone or bevacizumab for reducing foveal …

There is an accumulating body of evidence that immunological mechanisms play a
prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is characterized by …

PURPOSE: We studied the 3-year efficacy and safety results of a 4-year study evaluating
fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreal implants in eyes with persistent or recurrent diabetic …