Surface electromyographic (EMG) amplitude from the upper trapezius muscle is widely used
as a measure of shoulder-neck load in ergonomic studies. A variety of methods for …

Isometric assessment of muscular function is a popular form of testing which has been used
in exercise science for over 40 years. It typically involves a maximal voluntary contraction …

Soon after Edward Liddell [1895–1981] and Charles Sherrington [1857–1952] introduced
the concept of a motor unit in 1925 and the necessary technology was developed, the …

Social dilemmas occur when the pursuit of self-interest by individuals in a group leads to
less than optimal collective outcomes for everyone in the group. A critical assumption in the …

Considerable debate exists as to whether the qualities of muscle function exist as general or
specific physiological capacities. If there is a generality of muscle function then strong …

Voluntary movement requires communication from cortex to the spinal cord, where a
dedicated pool of motor units (MUs) activates each muscle. The canonical description of MU …

In many arm or leg movements the hand or foot has to exert an external force on the
environment. Based on an inverse dynamical analysis of cycling, it is shown that the …

There is a paucity of research into the importance of performing strength training exercises
in postures specific to the movements they are attempting to facilitate. In addressing this …

The purpose of this review is to consider some issues in the interpretation of the
electromyogram (EMG) and to discuss current areas of controversy regarding use of the …

We have compared muscle activation in the control of slow isotonic movements and
isometric contractions. Specific attention has been given to the contribution of the two force …