Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have long held significant promise as materials for artificial
muscles and smart actuators. Recent advancements in this field have introduced innovative …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a unique class of materials that combine rubber
elasticity with liquid crystalline anisotropy to produce exceptional physical and optical …

The term liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) describes a class of materials that combine the
elastic entropy behaviour associated with conventional elastomers with the stimuli …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of programmable polymer materials that can
deform reversibly under diverse stimuli such as light, heat, electric field, and magnetic field …

When isotropic solids are unequally stretched in two orthogonal directions, the true stress
(force per actual cross-sectional area) in the larger strain direction is typically higher than …

Auxetic materials have negative Poisson's ratios and so expand rather than contract in one
or several direction (s) perpendicular to applied extensions. The auxetics community has …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are nonsolids with long-range orientational order, described by a
scalar order parameter〈 P 2〉= 1 2〈 3 cos 2 β− 1〉. Despite the vast set of existing LC …

A family of acrylate-based isotropic Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) exhibit stress-and
strain-optic coefficients orders of magnitude greater than conventional polymeric and …

Synthetic materials that are auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) at a molecular level have long
been sought after. An auxetic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) was reported recently, but the …

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the leading cause of low back pain and radiating leg
pain. DDD is commonly treated surgically using spinal fusion techniques, but in many cases …