We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In
classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be …

Driven by their potential applications, vectorial optical fields with spatially inhomogeneous
states of polarization within the cross section have drawn significant attention recently. This …

The deformation, flicker, and drift of a light field owing to complex media such as a turbulent
atmosphere have limited its practical applications. Thus, research on invariants in randomly …

Fundamentally contradictory but inescapably joined dual attributes, wave and particle,
remain a conceptually unsettling element at the heart of quantum mechanics. It was a career …

Recent times have seen a spurt of research activity focused on “completing” certain wave-
particle duality relations using entanglement or polarization. These studies use a duality …

The celebrated experiment of Thomas Young has had a tremendous historical influence by
revealing not only the wave character of light, but also by demonstrating the wave-particle …

The dual wave–particle nature of light and the degree of polarization are fundamental
concepts in quantum physics and optical science, but their exact relation has not been …

While optics and mechanics are two distinct branches of physics, they are connected. It is
well known that the geometrical/ray treatment of light has direct analogies to mechanical …

Usual quantitative studies of quantum wave-particle duality employ Young's double-slit
context and treat the slits approximately as ideal point sources, ie, neglecting practical …

For light fields, the manifestation of correlations between fluctuating electric field
components at different space–time points is referred to as coherence, whereas these …