Abstract Knowledge discovery from databases copes with several problems including the
heterogeneity of data and interpreting the solution in an understandable and convenient …

Searching for hidden information in data is a complex task. The two main aspects are asking
questions and interpreting the results, preferably linguistically, as applicable in many fields …

The shift to smart cities, and further to cognitive cities, should follow citizens' needs, and not
only the efficient use of resources. Citizens wish to cooperate in decision-making (or voting) …

Data summarization by quantified sentences of natural language simulates human
reasoning in summing up from the data. Linguistic summaries are focused either on a whole …

Fuzzy logic has been used for flexible database querying for more than 30 years. This paper
examines some of the issues of flexible querying which seem to have potential for further …

Several atomic predicates merged by the and connective is a usual structure of database
queries. Even when all but one predicate are satisfied, the query returns an empty result. In …

Linguistic summaries are suitable for summing up information from the large amount of data
by simulating human reasoning. Summarized information helps users to focus on a relevant …

In many tasks, users are not interested in data stored in relational databases, but in
summarized relational knowledge and “abstracts” from the data which are expressed in a …

With the huge amount of information available, the analysis over the data is the fertile area of
knowledge mining research. Knowledge mining is the recent hot and promising research …