Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology …

Seismic anisotropy is caused mainly by the lattice-preferred orientation of anisotropic
minerals. Major breakthroughs have occurred in the study of lattice-preferred orientation in …

The third edition of this widely acclaimed textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to
all aspects of global tectonics, and includes major revisions to reflect the most significant …

The early evolution of SW Europe Variscides started by opening of the Rheic ocean at∼ 500
Ma, splitting Avalonia from Armorica/Iberia. Subduction on the SE side of Rheic generated …

The propagation of two orthogonally polarized shear waves, or shear-wave splitting, is
arguably the most robust indication of seismic anisotropy in the Earth. This splitting can be …

We use adjoint tomography to iteratively determine seismic models of the crust and upper
mantle beneath the European continent and the North Atlantic Ocean. Three-component …

Lithospheric extension plays a pivotal role in governing the evolution of continents and the
birth of oceanic basins on Earth. Despite this, quantifying wide-mode lithospheric extension …

The variation of elastic-wave velocities as a function of the direction of propagation through
the Earth's interior is a widely documented phenomenon called seismic anisotropy. The …

A robust knowledge of seismic anisotropy beneath the continents is essential to our
understanding of plate tectonic theory, as anisotropy provides a unique constraint on the …

Differences in the thickness of the high-velocity lid underlying continents as imaged by
seismic tomography, have fuelled a long debate on the origin of the 'roots' of continents …