Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies
develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and …

It is generally regarded that the progression of an infection within host macrophages is the
consequence of a failed immune response. However, recent appreciation of macrophage …

Following detection of bacteria, macrophages switch their metabolism from oxidative
respiration through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to high-rate aerobic glycolysis. This …

The composition and function of the mammalian gut microbiota has been the subject of
much research in recent years, but the principles underlying the assembly and structure of …

Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages.
Here we show that macrophages infected with S. Typhimurium exhibit upregulated …

Many bacterial pathogens cause persistent infections despite repeated antibiotic exposure.
Bacterial persisters are antibiotic-tolerant cells, but little is known about their growth status …

Viruses and intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) have in common the need of suitable
host cells for efficient replication and proliferation during infection. In human infections, the …

Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-
tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods …

During Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis, mucosal inflammation creates a niche that favors
the expansion of the pathogen population over the microbiota. Here, we show that …

Antibiotic therapy often fails to eliminate a fraction of transiently refractory bacteria, causing
relapses and chronic infections. Multiple mechanisms can induce such persisters with high …