Nowadays, dynamically develo** optical (photonic) technologies play an ever-increasing
role in medicine. Their adequate and effective implementation in diagnostics, surgery, and …

Refractive index (RI) is a characteristic optical variable that controls the propagation of light
in the medium (eg, biological tissues). Basic research with the aim to investigate the RI of …

The protein refractive index increment, dn/dc, is an important parameter underlying the
concentration determination and the biophysical characterization of proteins and protein …

This book introduces some of the recent key developments in polarization optical methods
that have made possible the quantitative studies of tissues and biological cells essential to …

In this article, we discuss the optical immersion method based on refractive index matching
of scatterers (eg, collagen, elastin fibers, cells and cell compartments) and the ground …

This paper aims to review recent progress in optical clearing of the skin and over naturally
turbid biological tissues and blood using this technique in vivo and in vitro with multiphoton …

Structural colours of avian skin have long been hypothesized to be produced by incoherent
(Rayleigh/Tyndall) scattering. We investigated the colour, anatomy, nanostructure and …

Examination of whole organs with subcellular resolution in health, disease, and during
development is necessary to decipher their biological complexity. However, until recently …

Purpose This paper briefly reviews current explanations for corneal transparency and uses a
well-developed model to try to explain the increased light scattering either accompanying …

This paper reviews our existing understanding of the distribution and organisation of
collagen types within the corneal and scleral stroma from a microscopical perspective. The …