Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

Increasing evidence suggests that mental health and physical health are linked by neural
systems that jointly regulate somatic physiology and high-level cognition. Key systems …

Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area support intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS),
yet the cognitive representations underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, 20-Hz …

Arguably, the most difficult part of learning is deciding what to learn about. Should I
associate the positive outcome of safely completing a street-crossing with the situation 'the …

Although the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been studied intensely for decades, its precise
functions have remained elusive. We recently hypothesized that the OFC contains a" …

The outcome of a decision is often uncertain, and outcomes can vary over repeated
decisions. Whether decision outcomes should substantially affect behaviour and learning …

INTRODUCTION The hippocampus plays an important role in memory and spatial
navigation. When rodents navigate a spatial maze, hippocampal neurons called place cells …

Dopamine is implicated in adaptive behavior through reward prediction error (RPE) signals
that update value estimates. There is also accumulating evidence that animals in structured …

The hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) both have important roles in cognitive
processes such as learning, memory and decision making. Nevertheless, research on the …

Rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus, and is
divided into the medial orbital area, ventral orbital area, ventrolateral orbital area, lateral …