Until recently, the assumption of the language-teaching literature has been that new
languages are best taught and learned monolingually, without the use of the students' own …

This chapter reviews recent theoretical and empirical literature regarding teachers' uses of
the target (TL) and first (L1) languages in second (SL) and foreign (FL) language …

Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics is a series of introductory level textbooks
covering the core topics in Applied Linguistics, primarily designed for those beginning …

This paper argues for the re-examination of the time-honoured view that the first language
should be avoided in the classroom by teachers and students. The justifications for this rest …

Three inter-related assumptions regarding best practice in second/foreign language
teaching and bilingual/immersion education continue to dominate classroom instruction …

This article deals with the reality and complexity of emergent translanguaging in foreign
language classrooms. The influx of international learners of Chinese has resulted in …

This book is the first study to examine how interactional style develops within the walls of a
foreign language classroom in the first two years of language study. Results show learners …

This article draws on a case study of 6 student teachers in secondary schools and their
codeswitching between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) over the …

This comprehensive guide to research and debate centres around language learning in
childhood, the age factor and the different contexts where language learning happens …

This article presents the results of an anonymous, Internet‐based questionnaire study on
target language (TL) and first language (L1) use in university‐level foreign language (FL) …