In many natural and clinical settings, bacteria are associated with some type of biotic or
abiotic surface that enables them to form biofilms, a multicellular lifestyle with bacteria …

In the medical community, antibiotics are revered as a miracle because they stop diseases
brought on by pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics have become the cornerstone of …

Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication system that exists widely in the microbiome
and is related to cell density. The high-density colony population can generate a sufficient …

Chronic non-healing wounds have become a major worldwide healthcare burden. The
impact of biofilms on chronic wound infection is well established. Despite increasing …

After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was
initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of …

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical
infections. It is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as …

Staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The …

Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important
mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion …

Hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria
have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. Although the …

Biofilm formation of microorganisms causes persistent tissue and foreign body infections
resistant to treatment with antimicrobial agents. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are …