The participation of astrocytes in brain computation was hypothesized in 1992, coinciding
with the discovery that these cells display a form of intracellular Ca2+ signaling sensitive to …

Glia are as numerous in the brain as neurons and widely known to serve supportive roles
such as structural scaffolding, extracellular ionic and neurotransmitter homeostasis, and …

Cortical state, defined by population-level neuronal activity patterns, determines sensory
perception. While arousal-associated neuromodulators—including norepinephrine (NE) …

Healthy central nervous system (CNS) development and function require an intricate and
balanced bidirectional communication between neurons and glia cells. In this review, we …

Astrocytes serve important roles that affect recruitment and function of neurons at the local
and network levels. Here we review the contributions of astrocyte signaling to synaptic …

Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that are viewed as a
homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view …

Astrocytes functionally interact with neurons and with other brain cells. Although not
electrically excitable, astrocytes display a complex repertoire of intracellular Ca2+ signalling …

Astrocytes, a major type of glial cell, are known to play key supportive roles in brain function,
contributing to ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, maintaining the blood–brain barrier …

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become
passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrou** between attempts. It is …

Hyperactivity and disturbances of attention are common behavioral disorders whose
underlying cellular and neural circuit causes are not understood. We report the discovery …