Plant–animal mutualistic networks sustain terrestrial biodiversity and human food security.
Global environmental changes threaten these networks, underscoring the urgency for …

▪ Abstract Aphids and ants are two abundant and highly successful insect groups, which
often live in the same habitat and therefore are likely to interact with one another. Whether …

Resilience, a system's ability to adjust its activity to retain its basic functionality when errors,
failures and environmental changes occur, is a defining property of many complex systems …

A central assumption in most ecological models is that the interactions in a community
operate only between pairs of species. However, two species may interactively affect the …

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 291–300 Abstract Organisms eating each other are only one of
many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types …

The study of ecological communities often involves detailed simulations of complex
networks. However, our empirical knowledge of these networks is typically incomplete and …

Mutualistic networks are formed when the interactions between two classes of species are
mutually beneficial. They are important examples of cooperation shaped by evolution …

We evaluate whether species interaction frequency can be used as a surrogate for the total
effect of a species on another. Because interaction frequency is easier to estimate than per …

Collapses of dynamical systems into irrecoverable states are observed in ecosystems,
human societies, financial systems and network infrastructures. Despite their widespread …

The term “soil health” has captured the interest of government, and land managers, whilst
the academic community has struggled to rationalise its use and wider benefit. It has proved …