Since 1999, various forward-and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200
genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries …

Our current food production systems are unsustainable, driven in part through the
application of chemically fixed nitrogen. We need alternatives to empower farmers to …

Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms,
and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume–rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial …

Medicago truncatula is a model legume species that has been studied for decades to
understand the symbiotic relationship between legumes and soil bacteria collectively named …

Nitrogen-fixing rhizobia colonize legume roots via plant-made intracellular infection threads.
Genetics has identified some genes involved but has not provided sufficient detail to …

Plastic pollution has become a global concern for ecosystem health and biodiversity
conservation. Concentrations of plastics are manifold higher in the terrestrial system than the …

Symbiotic associations occur in every habitat on earth, but we know very little about their
evolutionary histories. Current models of trait evolution cannot adequately reconstruct the …