The concern that over-depleting natural resources (NAT) may somehow be costly for
environmental quality is a recurrent topic in empirical analysis. However, the literature has …

The motivation of this paper is to investigate the resistance of countries' energy research and
development (RD&D) expenditures to random shocks. The analysis includes the five …

Economic growth is a tool for measuring the development and progress of countries, and
technological innovation is one of the factors affecting economic growth and contributes to …

The impact of geopolitical risk on energy markets has drawn attention to the need for better
statistical modeling, especially of the crude oil markets and the ship** industry. In this …

This paper focuses on the analysis of black carbon emissions persistence in the long term
(1820–2019) using data for the 27 European Union countries. We extend the traditional …

The present study empirically analyzes the impact of energy consumption, such as oil, gas,
coal, gross domestic product, and urbanization, on environmental degradation in the form of …

This paper deals with the behavior of energy price changes and how their shocks exert an
impact on suppliers and consumers in different markets. For this purpose, a fractional …

This paper investigates long memory, persistence and co-movements in the most
representative stock markets from all over the world. We look at seven stock market indices …

This paper investigates the persistence of GHG in Europe, evaluating the effectiveness of
government policies, including the Kyoto Protocol and the EU Council commitment. Mean …

The main cause of climate change are carbon dioxide emissions. In the context of the
COVID-19 pandemic, the number of emissions has been significantly reduced for the first …