The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological
information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element …

Currently, environmental pollution by heavy metals is a global problem. Therefore, it is
crucial to develop effective detection techniques to determine the levels of heavy metal …

A sensitive biological system and a detector system with appropriate transducers for
obtaining the output signals make up a biosensor. These devices have a wide range of …

There is a major challenge to attach nanostructures on to the electrode surface while
retaining their engineered morphology, high surface area, physiochemical features for …

Technological advancements worldwide at rapid pace in the area of materials science and
nanotechnology have made it possible to synthesize nanoparticles with desirable properties …

Nanostructured metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), are considered as excellent
materials for the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors and …

Disposed wastes contain toxic heavy metal ions and hazardous chemicals, which eventually
become the part of human cycle (via contaminating water and food) and intensifying …

Biosensor development includes the deposition of (nano) materials onto a conductive
electrode surface, which is a crucial step for obtaining improved performance from the …

During the COVID'19 outbreak, biosensing devices won increasing relevance,
demonstrating their potential in the medical diagnostic field. Hence, the present review …

Advancing as a biosensing nanotechnology, nanohybrids present a new class of functional
materials with high selectivity and sensitivity, enabling integration of nanoscale …