This paper reviews the state of the art and future trends of indoor Positioning, Localization,
and Navigation (PLAN). It covers the requirements, the main players, sensors, and …

Demands for indoor positioning based services (IPS) in commercial and military fields have
spurred many positioning systems and techniques. Complex electromagnetic environments …

Navigation/positioning systems have become critical to many applications, such as
autonomous driving, Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and smart …

The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as smart manufacturing and smart
home, lead to a huge demand on the provisioning of low-cost and high-accuracy positioning …

Localization techniques are becoming key to add location context to the Internet-of-Things
(IoT) data without human perception and intervention. Meanwhile, the newly emerged low …

The Fine Time Measurement (FTM) protocol introduced by IEEE 802.11 includes a new
ranging method, named Wi-Fi Round Trip Time (Wi-Fi RTT), which can be used for indoor …

The advent of the Internet of Things has witnessed tremendous success in the application of
wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous computing for diverse smart-based applications …

The challenges of self-contained sensor based pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) are mainly
sensor installation errors and path integral errors caused by sensor variance, and both may …

Location is key to spatialize Internet of Things (IoT) data. However, it is challenging to use
low-cost IoT devices for robust unsupervised localization (ie, localization without training …

Location-based service (LBS) has gradually penetrated into all aspects of human life. The
current indoor positioning algorithms include triangulation, least squares, fingerprint …