Recent advances in viral metagenomics have enabled the rapid discovery of an
unprecedented catalogue of phages in numerous environments, from the human gut to the …

Viruses and other selfish genetic elements are dominant entities in the biosphere, with
respect to both physical abundance and genetic diversity. Various selfish elements …

Survival of respiratory viral pathogens in expelled saliva microdroplets is central to their
transmission, yet the factors that determine survival in such microdroplets are not well …

In marine environments, virus-mediated lysis of host cells leads to the release of cellular
carbon and nutrients and is hypothesized to be a major driver of carbon recycling on a …

In response to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that cannot be treated with current
antibiotics, many researchers are revisiting the use of bacteriophages, or phages, to fight …

Hepatitis B is a small enveloped DNA virus that poses a major hazard to human health. The
crystal structure of the T= 4 capsid has been solved at 3.3 Å resolution, revealing a largely …

Background: RNA–protein interactions stabilize many viruses and also the nucleoprotein
cores of enveloped animal viruses (eg retroviruses). The nucleoprotein particles are …

The crystal structure of the double-stranded DNA bacteriophage HK97 mature empty capsid
was determined at 3.6 angstrom resolution. The 660 angstrom diameter icosahedral particle …

Ca2+ is one of the most universal and versatile signaling molecules and is involved in
almost every aspect of cellular processes. Viruses are adept at utilizing the universal Ca2+ …

Protein cages are hollow protein nanoparticles, such as viral capsids, virus-like particles,
ferritin, heat-shock proteins and chaperonins. They have well-defined capsule-like structures …