Overuse injuries in sport are thought to have a diverse and multifactorial etiology (1, 2), but
this is true only when overuse injury is defined at the whole-body, or systems, level. Overuse …

Introduction Tibial stress fractures are a common overuse injury resulting from the
accumulation of bone microdamage due to repeated loading. Researchers and wearable …

Wearable devices are ubiquitous among runners, coaches, and clinicians with an ever-
increasing number of devices coming on the market. In place of gold standard measures in …

Background Tibial stress fractures are common running related injury and their etiology may
include biomechanical factors like impact forces, shock attenuation, lower limb kinematics …

Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) are exerted by a surface as a reaction to a person standing,
walking or running on the ground. In elite and recreational sports, GRFs are measured and …

Training load is commonly used to monitor training stress and is the product of external and
internal physiological loads experienced by an athlete. With emerging wearable technology …

External load variables such as peak tibial acceleration (PTA), peak vertical ground reaction
forces (GRF) and its instantaneous vertical loading rate (IVLR) may contribute to running …

Bone adaptation is understood to be driven by mechanical strains acting on the bone as a
result of some mechanical stimuli. Although the strain/adaptation relation has been …

Running is one of the most popular sports practiced today and biomechanical variables are
fundamental to understanding it. The main objectives of this study are to describe kinetic …

High impact exercise can reduce postmenopausal bone loss, however stimulus frequency
(loading cycles per second) can affect osteogenesis. We aimed to examine the effect of …