Despite the disparities in size and volume of marine and freshwater realms, a strikingly
similar number of species is found in each–with 15 150 Actinopterygian fishes in fresh water …

Underwater video techniques are increasingly used in marine ecology studies.
Technological progress regarding video cameras, sensors (such as sounders), battery life …

Sea urchin barrens are benthic communities on rocky subtidal reefs that are dominated by
urchins and coralline algae; in the absence of intense herbivory by urchins, these barrens …

Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components
of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all
plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in …

Marine reserves are areas of the sea where fishing is not allowed. They provide refuges
where populations of exploited species can recover and habitats modified by fishing can …

Decadal-scale observations of marine reserves suggest that indirect effects on taxa that
occur through cascading trophic interactions take longer to develop than direct effects on …

While conservationists, resource managers, scientists and coastal planners have
recognized the broad applicability of marine protected areas (MPAs), they are often …

The usefulness and relevance of size-based indicators (SBIs) to an ecosystem approach to
fisheries (EAF) are assessed through a review of empirical and modelling studies. SBIs are …