Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Ocean acidification (OA) is a major threat to marine calcifying organisms. This manuscript
gives an overview of the physiological effects of acidification on reef-building corals from a …

Local adaptation can increase fitness under stable environmental conditions. However, in
rapidly changing environments, compensatory mechanisms enabled through plasticity may …

Tropical corals construct the three-dimensional framework for one of the most diverse
ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat to a plethora of species across taxa. However …

The combination of thermal stress and ocean acidification (OA) can more negatively affect
coral calcification than an individual stressors, but the mechanism behind this interaction is …

For reef framework to persist, calcium carbonate production by corals and other calcifiers
needs to outpace loss due to physical, chemical, and biological erosion. This balance is …

Evaluating the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems is becoming increasingly vital with
global changes. The role of species interactions in propagating the effects of stressors …

Ocean acidification and warming are among the man-induced factors that most likely impact
aquatic wildlife worldwide. Besides effects caused by temperature rise and lowered pH …

Global change driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions is altering ecosystems at
unprecedented rates, especially coral reefs, whose symbiosis with algal symbionts is …