Over the past decade, advancement of observational capabilities, specifically the Atacama
Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast …

A general theory of planet formation has been a topic of intense study over many years. The
interest in such a theory emerges naturally from asking the question of where our planet …

Our understanding of planet formation has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The
classical planet formation theory, developed when the only known planetary system was our …

Geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrates that planet formation occurred in two
spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. The origin of this dichotomy is unknown. We …

In the past decade, ALMA observations have revealed that a large fraction of protoplanetary
discs contains rings in the dust continuum. These rings are the locations where pebbles …

Context. A key piece of information to understand the origin and role of protoplanetary disk
substructures is their dust content. In particular, disk substructures associated with gas …

Context. Models of planetary core growth by either planetesimal or pebble accretion are
traditionally disconnected from the models of dust evolution and formation of the first …

The trans-Neptunian object 2014 MU69, named Arrokoth, is the most recent evidence that
planetesimals did not form by successive collisions of smaller objects, but by the direct …

A critical step toward the emergence of planets in a protoplanetary disk is the accretion of
planetesimals, bodies 1–1,000 km in size, from smaller disk constituents. This process is …

INTRODUCTION The close flyby of the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (formerly 2014
MU69) by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft revealed details of the body's structure, geology …